Birender Yadav

The British established a coal mining operation in the region of Dhanbad in year 1894, the coal was needed for running rails and produce steel. Dhanbad then became a town with rail networks and soon the lands were deforested and the local population grafted into the birth of Indian industrialisation. But the Santhals and Mundas who constituted the so called tribal or 'adivasi' population were seen as lazy or untamable by the British and Indian overseers and gangmen , thus able bodied men from the Gangetic plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and other states in South India were lured into working the coalfields for the British and their businesses held by Indians who were patronised by the colonial administration. As the Santhals and the Mundas lost their local sources of sustenance in the forests and fields , they became dislocated not only from their livelihoods, but also their language and culture. They became 'Adivasi Labour' nomadic unskilled men to be used for wages less than the incoming immigrants and for jobs where they risked their life and health. The adivasis crafted a local patois : 'Khortha' a mixture of Maithili (Eastern Indic - Indo-European Language') and Santhal words to communicate amongst themselves and the immigrants in places such as Dhanbad and Jamshedpur. Dhanbad etymologically means the city of wealth using Sanskrit (Dhan) and Persian (Abad). Jamshedpur is championed as India's best run municipality and is named after the private entrepreneur Jamshedjee Tata who colonised the forests and created the city for his emigrated employees. The act of benevolence to ones staff can be violent to people who have had ancient rights over their forests.

Birender Yadav's family arrived three generation ago from Ballia in the neighboring state of Uttar Pradesh to Dhanbad to work in Coal mines. The migration was easy as then Dhanbad and the state of Jharkhand were part of Bihar which is a sister state of UP. Yadav's father worked as the Blacksmith at the Colliery and often needed diagrams to create instruments needed in the excavation of coal. He would encourage his son to draw him diagrams and design the lines of the casting for his instruments. As Birender turned 15 , his father decided he should pursue a study in Fine Arts so that he could return to Dhanbad and begin a family business in forging instruments. He was sent to Banaras , better known as Varanasi , and here he studied for his 0 & A Levels and soon graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Banaras Hindu University.

A great deal of patience and observation went into the production of a series of objects, sculptures, paintings and photographs that are to be part of a complex solo exhibition by Birender Yadav that not only reveal the studio practice of an artist but also long thought out visual commentary on dislocation. During a residency at 1 Shanthi Road , Bangalore , Yadav saw the affinities of colour between a packet of matches and the propositions for a flag that was to be adopted by the Karnataka State, as a provincial drapeau . Her he began to draw the Kannada script which is distinct from his mother tongue and a different family from his own script. Earlier on he had drawn words in Oriya , a script from the east in India that read black letter, but a script he could not read. When you are illiterate in India we have saying ' If you can't read , Black letters are as good as a black buffalo! '' Birender wrote this in a script he could not read. Another proverb used the traditions of carpentry in Orissa used for making temple statues where he carved in the oriya script on a log of wood a popular Indian proverb that can be used for masturbation and hardwork '' A hand is capable to create the wonders of the world'' .

Birender Yadav one day while at school in Benaras or Varanasi came across of men called the Jahrkhandi men colloquially. These were men brought to a town in the outskirts of Varanasi called Mirzapur , here they toiled night and day in brick kilns. Birender had recognised them from the Khortha language they spoke, the patois used in Dhanbad between the indigenous people and the settlers. Yadav soon realised huge gangs of indigenous Santhals and Mundas are trafficked across India to work in construction and brick kilns. Yadav began to document their presence in the region which was coincidently also the region from where his family had migrated Dhanbad. He was surprised by the twist in the tale how his family had migrated to escape poverty to Jharkhand and they had dsiplaced its indigenous population into dislocated precariousness. He began to take their fingerprints as forms of a drawings. They were unable to write or sign in their names. Their identity lay in it being taken away from them through political and economic war. They stamped their thumbs onto faces as they did for government forms obscuring their portraits. Instead Yadav drew them in ink enlarging their thumbprints onto large scale. The result is a tragic comedy of visuals, a painful still humourous satire of loss and an artists efforts to narrate the ugliest picture of coal mining.

Yadav earlier this year was on a residency at the 1 Shanthi Road Bangalore. When he reached the city found a certain comical agitation for a state flag that had been heard of in India except in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. Parochialism, Regional and Linguistic Nationalism plagues many parts of India. It is most prevalent in states where it becomes a rallying point against federalism. The Indian National Congress a secular federationist party to prevent the deluge of populist fascism has begun to play the politics of language and flags in the state of Karnataka. Whilst there Birender saw a packet of matches that held the same colours of the flag of Karnataka - Yellow and Red. He rubbed off the red combustible dust on the matchbox and painted a flag using turmeric (also an antiseptic) for yellow and the rubbings from matchboxes for the deep red. In another work he divided the yellow and red flag by a simple zip. Then painting the farmer also depicted on the matchbox as a social message, he began to right the word 'kisan' or farmer in white onto the various hues of the flags of Indian political parties. Commenting on their failures to deliver on social justice and equity but their obsession to use sloganeering and design to gather crowds. He changes to delicate watercolour the graphic of a one rupee steel coin that reads ' Food for All'.

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Text by: Sumeshwar Sharm